Memoria de trabajo y aprendizaje: aportes de la NeuropsicologÃa. Working memory and learning: contributions of Neuropsychology
Abstract
Resúmen
Actualmente la memoria de trabajo constituye un concepto que ha logrado consenso cientÃfico, al ser concebido como un sistema cerebral que proporciona almacenamiento temporal y manipulación de la información necesaria para tareas cognitivas complejas, como la comprensión del lenguaje, el aprendizaje y el razonamiento (Gathercole, Alloway, Willis & Adam, 2006; Baddeley, 1986; Just & Carpenter, 1992). El avance tecnológico y cientÃfico en neuropsicologÃa ha posibilitado numerosos aportes, descubrimientos que posibilitan la integración de saberes y experiencias procedentes de campos disciplinares diferentes. El estudio de la organización funcional de la memoria de trabajo, con la aparición de técnicas de neuroimágen, ha posibilitado entender la compleja red de conexiones y relaciones que posee. Se propone una revisión sobre la evolución del concepto de memoria de trabajo para comprender mejor un sistema al que se le atribuye gran incidencia en el aprendizaje.
Palabras claves: Memoria de trabajo; Aprendizaje; NeuropsicologÃa.
Abstract
Currently working memory is a concept that has achieved scientific consensus to conceive it as a brain system that provides temporary storage and manipulation of necessary information for complex cognitive tasks as language comprehension, learning and reasoning (Gathercole, Alloway, Willis & Adam, 2006; Baddeley, 1986; Just & Carpenter, 1992). The technological and scientific advance in neuropsychology has enabled many contributions, discoveries that enable the knowledge and experience integration from different disciplinary fields. The study of the functional organization of working memory, with the advent of neuroimaging techniques has made it possible to understand the complex web of connections and relationships it has. We propose a review of the evolution of the concept of working memory to better understand a system that is credited with significant impact on learning.
Keywords: working memory; learning; neuropsychology
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