Aspectos comportamentales de la oxitocina: su influencia en el estrés y en la cognición social
Abstract
Resumen
El presente trabajo constituye una revisión teórica cuyo objetivo consistió en describir la influencia de la oxitocina en el estrés y en la cognición social de seres humanos. Se procedió mediante una búsqueda en las bases de datos Medline, Pubmed y Wiley Online Library. Se concluyó que mediante su acción a nivel del sistema nervioso central, la oxitocina incrementa el rendimiento en la cognición social. Un mecanismo neurobiológico que permite explicar dichos efectos prosociales, consiste en la intervención de la oxitocina como factor reductor de la excitabilidad amigdalina. De ese modo, la oxitocina contribuye a una disminución del estrés, y por lo tanto facilita el contacto social. Por último, la aplicación de oxitocina exógena representarÃa un recurso terapéutico de interés para el abordaje de trastornos mentales que registran graves alteraciones de la cognición social, tales como el autismo y la esquizofrenia. No obstante, los estudios continúan siendo escasos y de muestras reducidas.
Palabras clave: Oxitocina; Estrés; Cognición social; Neurociencia; PsiconeuroendocrinologÃa; Trastornos del espectro autista; Esquizofrenia; NeurobiologÃa; AmÃgdala; Autismo; Salud mental.
Abstract
This paper is a theoretical review whose objective was to describe the influence of the oxytocin on stress and in social cognition in human beings. For this purpose we proceeded through a database search in Medline, Pubmed and Wiley Online Library data. It was concluded that through its action to level of the central nervous system, the oxytocin increases the performance in social cognition. A mechanism that allows explaining the above mentioned prosocial effects consists of the intervention of oxytocin as reducer factor of the excitability in the amygdala. In this way, the oxytocin contributes to a decrease of stress, and therefore facilitates social contact. Finally, the exogenous application of oxytocin would represent a therapeutic resource for the approach of mental disorders with serious alterations in social cognition, such as autism and schizophrenia. However, the studies are scarce and of small samples.
Key words: Oxytocin; Stress; Social cognition; Neuroscience; Psychoneuroendocrinology; Autism spectrum disorders; Schizophrenia; Neurobiology; Amygdala; Autism; Mental health.
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