Funciones ejecutivas de estudiantes de básica primaria en dos regiones de Colombia
Abstract
Resumen
El propósito del presente trabajo fue describir las funciones ejecutivas de los niños de básica primaria en dos regiones de Colombia Mediante un estudio comparativo con diseño transeccional. Participaron 392 niños entre 6 y 12 años de edad, los cuales fueron seleccionados al azar desde grado primero hasta quinto de básica primaria. Las funciones ejecutivas se evaluaron con el Test ENFEN y las comparaciones se realizaron con referencia a las variables: ciudad, sexo y grado. Los resultados analizados a través de la prueba U de Mann-Whitney arrojaron diferencias en los rendimientos de las funciones ejecutivas de fluidez verbal, flexibilidad cognitiva y planificación para ciudad (p=0.000); fluidez verbal para sexo (p=0.007), e inhibición para grado (p=0.002).
Palabras Clave: Fluidez verbal; Control atencional; Flexibilidad cognitiva; Planificación; Inhibición; Niños.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the executive functions of elementary school students in two regions of Colombia by a comparative study with a cross-sectional design. Participants were 392 children between 6 and 12 years old, who were randomly selected from first grade through fifth elementary school. Executive functions were assessed using the Test ENFEN and comparisons were made with reference to variables: city, sex and grade. The results analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test showed differences in the performance of the executive functions of verbal fluency, cognitive flexibility and planning for the city (p = 0.000); verbal fluency for sex (p = 0.007), and inhibition to grade (p = 0.002).
Key words: Verbal fluency; Attention control; Cognitive flexibility; Planning; Inhibition; Children.
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Resumo
O propósito do presente trabalho foi descrito pelas execuções básicas das crianças de básica primária nas regiões da Colômbia através de um estudo comparativo com o projeto transeccional. Eles envolveu 392 crianças entre 6 e 12 anos de idade, que foram selecionados aleatoriamente, da primeira à quinta série do ensino fundamental. Funções executivas foram avaliadas usando o ENFEN teste e as comparações foram feitas com referência às variáveis: cidade, sexo e grau. Os resultados analisados através da demonstração U de Mann-Whitney arrojarão diferenças em rendimentos das funções executivas de fluidez verbal, flexibilidade cognitiva e planejamento para cidade (p = 0,000); Fluidez verbal para sexo (p = 0,007), e inibição para grau (p = 0,002).
Palavras-chave: fluência verbal; controle da atenção; flexibilidade cognitiva; planejamento; Inibição; Crianças.
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