Consecuencias del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes uruguayos en función de la zona de residencia, sexo, trabajo, estudio y edad
Abstract
RESUMEN
La población joven de Uruguay exhibe un alto consumo de alcohol, en comparación con pares de otros países americanos. Sin embargo, las consecuencias negativas de este consumo han sido escasamente estudiadas. Este estudio analizó dichas consecuencias, en función de edad, sexo, horas de trabajo y estudio y zona de residencia, en una base de datos de 1527 jóvenes uruguayos de 18 a 30 años, a los cuales se le aplicó la escala YAACQ (Young adult alcohol consequences questionnaire). Las consecuencias negativas más reportadas fueron tener resaca al día siguiente, tomar más de lo planeado y hacer cosas vergonzosas. Los hombres y el grupo etario entre 18 a 24 años exhibió significativamente más consecuencias negativas por tomar alcohol. La región de residencia no tuvo un efecto significativo sobre el número de consecuencias negativas. Sobre las subescalas se encontró correlaciones negativas entre la cantidad de horas dedicadas al estudio a la semana con conductas de riesgo y dependencia, mientras que la cantidad de horas dedicadas al trabajo a la semana correlaciono con la subescala de autocuidado. Los datos obtenidos son útiles para conocer las principales consecuencias negativas del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes uruguayos, y la relación entre estas consecuencias y variables sociodemográficas de relevancia para el diseño de planes de prevención.
Palabras clave: alcohol, jóvenes, Uruguay.
ABSTRACT
Although uruguayan youth are the ones that consume most alcohol in all the americas negative consequences of its consumption never been studied in that population. For this, a survey was applied to 1,527 uruguayan young between 18 and 30 years old, which included the YAACQ scale, responsible for studying the negative alcohol consumption consequences. The top three consequences of alcohol consumption were: having a hangover the next day, drinking more than planned, and doing embarrassing things. Regarding the global score of the YAACQ scale, it was found that male and younger people (closer to 18 years old) had significantly more negative alcohol consumption consequences, without a significant effect of the residence region. Regarding the subscales, negative correlations were found between the number of hours dedicated to studying per week with risk behaviors and dependency, while the number of hours dedicated to work per week correlated with the self-care subscale. The data obtained are useful to know the main consequences of drinking alcohol in young Uruguayans until now unknown, resulting in useful information to think prevention plans.
Key words: alcohol, youth, Uruguay.
RESUMO
A população jovem do Uruguai apresenta um alto consumo de álcool em comparação com seus pares de outros países americanos. No entanto, as consequências negativas desse consumo foram pouco estudadas. Este estudo analisou esas consequências com base na idade, sexo, horas de trabalho e estudo e zona de residência, utilizando um banco de dados com 1.527 jovens uruguaios de 18 a 30 anos, aos quais foi aplicada a escala YAACQ (Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire). As consequências negativas mais relatadas foram ter ressaca no dia seguinte, beber mais do que o planejado e realizar ações embaraçosas. Os homens e o grupo etário de 18 a 24 anos apresentaram significativamente mais consequências negativas associadas ao consumo de álcool. A região de residência não teve um efeito significativo no número de consequências negativas. Nas subescalas, foram encontradas correlações negativas entre a quantidade de horas semanas dedicadas ao estudo e comportamentos de risco e dependência. Por outro lado, a quantidade de horas semanais dedicadas ao trabalho correlacionou-se com a subescala de autocuidado. Os dados obtidos são úteis para compreender as principais consequências negativas do consumo de álcool entre os jovens uruguaios e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas relevantes para o desenvolvimento de planos de prevenção.
Palavras-chave: Álcool, jovens, Uruguai.
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