Funciones neurobiológicas y neuropsicológicas afectadas en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Implicaciones y consecuencias en la Calidad de Vida
Abstract
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Resumen
La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), se reconoce como la enfermedad neurodegenerativa con mayor impacto a escala global dentro de todos los sistemas de salud. La EA ataca y daña severamente el Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC), produciendo alteraciones irreversibles en la función ejecutiva y en todos los procesos psicológicos superiores y motores, afectando la Calidad de Vida (CV) del paciente, desde sus etapas iniciales hasta las etapas de deterioro severo, en donde la EA, generalmente, termina con la vida de la persona que la padece. La EA es una enfermedad de dimensiones pandémicas, que se ubica como la forma más común de demencia, con sÃntomas tales como cambios en la personalidad, alteraciones en lenguaje, memoria y destrezas cognitivas. Las pruebas cientÃficas para evaluar la CV de personas con EA, resultan hasta la fecha de poca eficacia en los inicios de la enfermedad y aún se carece de adecuados mecanismos de adaptación y apoyo permanente, tanto para las personas con EA como para sus familias, lo que confiere a estas poblaciones Ãndices bajos de CV.
Palabras clave: Enfermedad de Alzheimer; Calidad de Vida; Diagnóstico Temprano; Sistema Nervioso Central; Enfermedad Neurodegenerativa; Deterioro Cognitivo; Genética; Neurotransmisores.
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is recognized as a neurodegenerative disease with greater impact on a global scale within all health systems. AD attacks and severely damages Central Nervous System (CNS), causing irreversible changes in executive function and all higher psychological processes and drivers affecting the Quality of Life (QoL) of the patient, from its initial stages to the stages of severe impairment, where AD usually ends the life of the person who has it. AD is a disease of pandemic proportions, which ranks as the most common form of dementia, with symptoms such as personality changes, changes in speech, memory and cognitive skills. Scientific tests that assess the QoL of people with AD to date show Little effectiveness in the beginning of the disease and still lack of coping adequate mechanisms and ongoing support, both for people with AD and their families, making these populations to have low rates of QoL.
Key words: Alzheimer’s disease; Quality of Life; Early Diagnosis; Central Nervous System; Neurodegenerative Disease; Cognitive Impairment; Genetics; Neurotransmitters.
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