Habilidades fonológicas, precisión lectora y velocidad en pacientes con dislexia / Phonological skills, reading accuracy and speed in Dyslexic patients / Habilidades fonoaudiológicas, precisão leitora e velocidade em pacientes com dislexia
Abstract
RESUMEN
La conciencia fonológica es un tema central en las investigaciones sobre lectura y está relacionada con las dificultades lectoras. Sin embargo, investigaciones realizadas en distintos sistemas ortográficos señalan que la velocidad de procesamiento también puede ser una causa del déficit lector. En este marco, el propósito de este trabajo fue comparar el rendimiento de cinco pacientes disléxicos con el de tres grupos controles de niños de 1er grado, 3er grado y 5to grado de nivel primario sin dificultades en el aprendizaje de la lectura. Los participantes normolectores y los pacientes fueron evaluados con tres pruebas que evalúan conciencia fonológica diseñada ad hoc y una tarea de lectura de palabras y no palabras estandarizada. Se registraron tanto las respuestas correctas como el tiempo requerido para la resolución de las tareas. En base a los datos, se pudieron identificar distintos perfiles de rendimiento en los pacientes disléxicos según la cantidad de aciertos y la velocidad para resolver las tareas.Â
Palabras clave: Conciencia fonológica; Lectura; Dislexia; Velocidad; Niños.
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ABSTRACT
Phonological awareness is an important topic in reading research and is related with reading difficulties. However, some researches fulfilled in different orthographic systems show that processing speed can also be a cause of reading difficulties. Within this framework, the purpose of this work was to compare the performance of five Dyslexic patients with the three control groups of children from 1st grade, 3rd grade, and 5th grade of primary school with no reading difficulties. All participants, control groups and patients, were evaluated with three phonological awareness tests designed ad hoc and a standardized word and no word reading test. Data analysis considered correct answers and the time required for the resolution of each task. Taking in account correct answers and time we were able to identify different performance profiles in Dyslexics patients.
Key words: Phonological awareness; Reading; Dyslexia; Speed; Children.
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RESUMO
A consciência fonoaudiológica é um tema central nas investigações sobre leitura e está relacionada com as dificuldades leitoras. No entanto, investigações realizadas em distintos sistemas ortográficos mostram que a velocidade de processamento também pode ser uma causa do déficit de leitura. Neste marco, o propósito deste trabalho foi comparar o rendimento de cinco pacientes disléxicos com o de três grupos controles de crianças de primeiro grau, terceiro grau e quinto grau do nÃvel primário sem dificuldades na aprendizagem da leitura. Os participantes normoleitores e os pacientes foram avaliados com três provas que avaliam consciência fonoaudiológica desenhada ad hoc e uma tarefa de leitura de palavras e não palavras estandarizada. Se registraram tanto as respostas corretas como o tempo requerido para a resolução das tarefas. Com base nos dados, puderam identificar distintos perfis de rendimento nos pacientes disléxicos segundo a quantidade de acertos e a velocidade para resolver as tarefas.
Palavras-chave: Consciência fonoaudiológica; leitura; dislexia; velocidade; linguagem.
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