TeorÃa de la Inteligencia: una aproximación neuropsicológica desde el punto de vista de Lev Vigotsky
Abstract
La inteligencia es un constructo que ha generado diversos debates y controversias, más aún desde que Howard Gardner postula su teorÃa de las inteligencias múltiples. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar una visión neuropsicológica de la inteligencia a la luz de la teorÃa sociocultural de Vigotsky asà como de diversos neurocientÃficos rusos como Iván Pavlov, Piotr AnojÃn y Alexander Luria. Se reconocen las influencias de la cultura como mediadoras de la inteligencia y se propone que la actividad analÃtico sintética del cerebro explica de mejor manera las diferencias individuales de la inteligencia tanto ontogenéticamente como filogenéticamente, constituyéndose en su fundamento biológico. Se concluye que la inteligencia es un constructo unitario pero no unÃvoco, indisolublemente ligado al pensamiento, que mantiene relaciones sistémicas con diversas formas de actividad psÃquica, por tanto no existe la necesidad de plantear la existencia de inteligencias múltiples.
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